Sphere Packing in Lean

8 Proof of Theorem 5.2

Our proof of the Theorem 5.2 relies on the following two inequalities for modular objects.

Consider the function A:(0,)C defined as

A(t):=t2ϕ0(i/t)36π2ψI(it).
183

Then

A(t)<0
184

for all t>0.

Proposition 8.2

Consider the function B:(0,)C defined as

B(t):=t2ϕ0(i/t)+36π2ψI(it)
185

Then

B(t)>0
186

for all t>0.

Here we formalize the proof of the inequalities by Lee [ 7 ] . First, we can rewrite the inequality in 8.1 as follows.

Define two (quasi) modular forms as

F(z)=(E2(z)E4(z)E6(z))2G(z)=H2(z)3(2H2(z)2+5H2(z)H4(z)+5H4(z)2).
Lemma 8.4

We have

ϕ0=FΔψS=12GΔ
Proof

Inequality 184 and 186 are equivalent to

F(it)+18π2G(it)>0F(it)18π2G(it)>0

respectively.

Proof

Now, the first inequality 191 follows from the positivity of each F(it) and G(it).

For all t>0, we have F(it)>0 and G(it)>0.

Proof
Corollary 8.7

191 holds.

Proof

To prove the second inequality 192, we need some identities satisfied by F and G.

F and G satisfy the following differential equations:

1210F56E4F=7200Δ(E2)1210G56E4G=640ΔH2
Proof

196 (resp. 197) is positive (resp. negative) on the (positive) imaginary axis.

Proof

The second inequality 192 follows from the following two observations. Since G(it)>0 for all t>0, we can define the quotient

Q(t):=F(it)G(it)
216

as a function on (0,).

We have

limt0+Q(t)=18π2.
217

Proof

The function tQ(t) is monotone decreasing.

Proof

192 holds.

Proof

Finally, we are ready to prove Theorem 5.2.

The function

g(x):=πi8640a(x)+i240πb(x)

satisfies conditions 68.

Proof
1

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3

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4

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5

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6

W. Kohnen, A Very Simple Proof of the q-Product Expansion of the Δ-Function, The Ramanujan Journal 10 (2005): 71-73.

7

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8

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9

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10

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11

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12

Maryna S. Viazovska, The sphere packing problem in dimension 8 , Pages 991–1015 from Volume 185 (2017), Issue 3.

13

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Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
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Email address: maryna.viazovska@epfl.ch